![]() When women began to collectively demand “equal pay for equal work” in the 1960s, formal norms (laws) had to be passed for this to occur. ![]() When large numbers of women began to enter the workforce beginning in World War II, they were paid less, but the rationale for this wage was that it was a necessary cost-saving measure during wartime. For functionalists, when roles are clearly established, social solidarity increases. ![]() Structural functionalists might look at how values and norms shape societal notions of success in the workforce, and how these established values and norms reinforce the division of labor as well as gender inequality. To establish a more comprehensive analytical framework, we can apply each of the three main sociological perspectives to better understand the socio-economic phenomenon of the gender wage gap. We then want to scrutinize the structures and processes that shape these experiences. Not only do we need to examine each woman’s experience in the workforce, we should also understand intersectionality, or how each person’s experience is affected by race/ethnicity, social class, age, etc. This gap is even more pronounced for Black and Hispanic women. In 2017, full-time working women made 80.5 cents to every dollar earned by men, meaning there is a gender wage gap of 19.5 percent. To take a specific example, let’s consider how each theoretical perspective might explain the gender wage gap. Sociological theories help to explain complex human behaviors, social phenomena, and social structures. Examine gender from a structural-functionalist, conflict, and symbolic interactionist perspective.
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